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|commander1=Israel: Menachem Begin (Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon (Ministry of Defence) Rafael Eitan (Army Chief of Staff) David Ivry (Israeli Air Force) Ze'ev Almog (Israeli Sea Corps) Phalange: Bachir Gemayel Fadi Frem Elie Hobeika Al-Tanzim: Fawzi Mahfuz SLA: Saad Haddad |commander2=PLO: Yasser Arafat (Chairman of the PLO) Syria: Hafez al-Assad (President) Mustafa Tlass (Minister of Defense) LCP: George Hawi Elias Atallah Hezbollah: Abbas al-Musawi Al-Mourabitoun: Ibrahim Kulaylat Amal: Nabih Berri ASALA: Monte Melkonian PKK: Mahsum Korkmaz Others: Muhsin Ibrahim Abbas al-Musawi Ragheb Harb Murat Karayılan Inaam Raad Said Shaaban |strength1=Israel: 78,000 troops 800 tanks 1,500 APCs 634 aircraft LF: 30,000 troops SLA: 5,000 troops 97 tanks |strength2=Syria: 22,000 troops 352 tanks 300 APCs 450 aircraft 300 artillery pieces 100 anti-aircraft guns 125 SAM batteries PLO: 15,000 troops 80 tanks 150 APCs 350+ artillery pieces 250+ anti-aircraft guns |casualties1=Israel: 657 dead, 3,887 wounded〔(Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East ), Gad Barzilai, pp. 148〕 |casualties2=Syrian & Palestinian combatants: See Casualties below. |casualties3=Civilians: See Casualties below. }} The 1982 Lebanon War ((アラビア語:الاجتياح), ''Al-ijtiyāḥ'', "the invasion"), ((ヘブライ語:מלחמת לבנון הראשונה), ''Milhemet Levanon Harishona'', "the first Lebanon war"), called Operation Peace for Galilee ((ヘブライ語:מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג) ''Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil'' or ''Mivtsa Sheleg'') by Israel, and later known in Israel as the Lebanon War and First Lebanon War, began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF which caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border. The military operation was launched after gunmen from Abu Nidal's organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. Prime Minister Menachem Begin blamed Abu Nidal's enemy, the PLO, for the incident,〔 Random House 2014 p.288:'When Prime Minister Menachem Begin was told that the assassins were Abu Nidal's men -sworn enemies of Arafat and the PLO- he reportedly scoffed,"They're all PLO, Abu Nidal, Abu Shmidal- we have to strike at the PLO".'〕 and treated the incident as a ''casus belli'' for the invasion.〔Kahalani, (A Warriors Way ), Shapolsky Publishers (1994) pp. 299–301〕〔Harvey W. Kushner, (Encyclopedia of terrorism ) Sage Publications (2003), p.13〕 After attacking the PLO – as well as Syrian, leftist, and Muslim Lebanese forces – Israeli military, in cooperation with the Maronite allies and the self-proclaimed Free Lebanon State occupied southern Lebanon, eventually surrounding the PLO and elements of the Syrian army. Surrounded in West Beirut and subjected to heavy bombardment, the PLO forces and their allies negotiated passage from Lebanon with the aid of United States Special Envoy Philip Habib and the protection of international peacekeepers. The PLO, under the chairmanship of Yasser Arafat, had relocated its headquarters to Tripoli in June 1982. By expelling the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), removing Syrian influence over Lebanon, and installing a pro-Israeli Christian government led by Bachir Gemayel, Israel hoped to sign a treaty which Menachem Begin promised would give Israel "forty years of peace".〔Friedman, p. 157〕 Following the assassination of Lebanese President Bachir Gemayel, Israel's position in Beirut became untenable and the signing of a peace treaty became increasingly unlikely. Outrage following Israel's role in the Phalangist-perpetrated Sabra and Shatila massacre, of mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, and Israeli popular disillusionment with the war would lead to a gradual withdrawal from Beirut to the areas claimed by the self-proclaimed Free Lebanon State in southern Lebanon (later to become South lebanon security belt), which was initiated following the 17 May Agreement and Syria's change of attitude towards the PLO. After Israeli forces withdrew from most Lebanon, the War of the Camps broke out between Lebanese factions, the remains of PLO and Syria, in which Syria fought its former Palestinian allies. At the same time, Shi'a militant groups began consolidating and waging a low-intensity guerrilla war over the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon, leading to 15 years of low-scale armed conflict. The Lebanese Civil War would continue until 1990, at which point Syria had established complete dominance over Lebanon.〔 ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1982 Lebanon War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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